Possibly, a heightened ages or studies improvement you are going to weaken brand new wife’s standing from the marital home
We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table 4 Relationship anywhere between dowry/bride speed (paid by the within the-legislation away from siblings, anybody else throughout the community and you may community) and wife’s standing on the relationship house (OLS)
cuatro.step 3 Conversation and you will robustness monitors
For the choosing the newest women’s position in the relationship household, the end result of your web dowry (dowry without fiance price) get number. The estimate procedure is frequent of the substitution dowry and bride-to-be price that have websites dowry (Appendix Table 9, Panel A good). Note that the degree of deferred mehr is included individually regarding the internet dowry because the former has never been reduced unless divorce or separation occurs and should not be considered property put to your relationship. The outcome advise that the brand new possessions produced into the ount) improve their particular choice-making fuel and you can freedom. These positive connections commonly alarming since this new associations out of bride-to-be rates paid Norge enlige kvinder back during relationships work on avoid to help you the ones from dowry in the main estimations.
Including decades difference in addition to studies change (substitution the husband’s years and you will training) cannot impact the fundamental consequences, and also the coefficients of these parameters commonly significant (Appendix Dining table 9, Panel B).
One might argue that exactly how many decades because relationships is important since the outcome away from dowry (otherwise bride rate) might possibly be better following relationship. Along with decades due to the fact ount off dowry (replacement female’s ages at relationships) magnifies the beds base aftereffect of dowry in ladies’ independence but decreases their magnitude together with advantages top inside the ladies’ decision-making (Appendix Desk nine, Committee C). Meaning you to a bigger dowry increases the wife’s independency in new relationship home just after marriage; but not, the latest connection isn’t significantly impacted by brand new passage through of age because the matrimony.
No way of measuring gender ideology is roofed in the main quote due to endogeneity concerns. You to definitely you will argue that introduction of such procedures get weaken the connection ranging from dowry and women’s reputation on the marital home. While we do not refuse the possibility that tastes and you can ideological opinions towards gender relationships are not intrinsic and change over the relationship lives, the brand new estimate process was repeated because of the in addition to a few tips for son preference: the original variable equals you to if wife’s better number of sons is higher than regarding daughters as well as the second equals you to definitely when the spouse wants to render degree to help you sons rather than so you’re able to daughters. Dealing with having gender ideology cannot significantly affect the main estimate performance (Appendix Desk nine, Committee D). Interestingly, ladies’ decision making was seriously associated with son preference. Yet not, it’s negatively in the liking to possess taking higher education so you can sons as compared with daughters. A potential interpretation would be the fact highly educated female can be up against gender inequality within the education and be significantly more motivated in the marital domestic but like having far more sons than just daughters. Which looks consistent with specific established studies exhibiting one to young man preference is more commonplace certainly extremely knowledgeable female in place of uneducated feminine from inside the Southern China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).